1 Samuel 17:39

Authorized King James Version

And David girded his sword upon his armour, and he assayed to go; for he had not proved it. And David said unto Saul, I cannot go with these; for I have not proved them. And David put them off him.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיַּחְגֹּ֣ר
girded
to gird on (as a belt, armor, etc.)
#2
דָּוִ֖ד
And David
david, the youngest son of jesse
#3
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#4
חַ֠רְבּוֹ
his sword
drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement
#5
מֵעַ֨ל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#6
לְמַדָּ֜יו
upon his armour
properly, extent, i.e., height; also a measure; by implication, a vesture (as measured); also a carpet
#7
וַיֹּ֣אֶל
and he assayed
properly, to yield, especially assent; hence (pos.) to undertake as an act of volition
#8
לָלֶכֶת֮
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
#9
כִּ֣י
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#10
לֹֽא
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#11
נִסִּ֑יתִי
for he had not proved
to test; by implication, to attempt
#12
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר
said
to say (used with great latitude)
#13
דָּוִ֖ד
And David
david, the youngest son of jesse
#14
אֶל
near, with or among; often in general, to
#15
שָׁא֗וּל
unto Saul
shaul, the name of an edomite and two israelites
#16
לֹ֥א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#17
אוּכַ֛ל
I cannot
to be able, literally (can, could) or morally (may, might)
#18
לָלֶ֥כֶת
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
#19
בָּאֵ֖לֶּה
these or those
#20
כִּ֣י
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#21
לֹ֣א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#22
נִסִּ֑יתִי
for he had not proved
to test; by implication, to attempt
#23
וַיְסִרֵ֥ם
put
to turn off (literally or figuratively)
#24
דָּוִ֖ד
And David
david, the youngest son of jesse
#25
מֵֽעָלָֽיו׃
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Analysis

Within the broader context of 1 Samuel, this passage highlights salvation through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of divine revelation connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine revelation, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of 1 Samuel.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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